Shearing is a process for mechanical straight cutting of sheet metal without chip formation between two, against each other, moving tools. After the tools are in contact with the sheet, penetration starts and the sheet material experiences high shear stresses and ultimately failure. After a plastic penetration into the sheet, cracks will start and propagate from both tools. Depending on sheet material properties and shear settings, the amount of plasticity and penetration before crack initiation will vary.
Shearing is most commonly used to produce rectangular shapes and the sheared pieces of sheet metal generally have high tolerances and are used without further machining. Material waste and energy consumption in shearing are low compared to chip forming cutting and melting cutting. The work required for shearing are commonly applied either manual, mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic, where the manual and pneumatic types are used for lighter shearing. High production rate is featured by the mechanically eccentric shears but the hydraulic shears are more flexible and adjustable.
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